The particle-continuum method: an algorithmic unification of particle-in-cell and continuum methods

A new numerical algorithm that encompasses both the δf particle-in-cell (PIC) method and a continuum method has been developed, which is an extension to Denavit’s [J. Comput. Phys. 9 (1972) 75] original “hybrid” method. In this article we describe this new Particle-Continuum algorithm in general, and we note our methods of interpolation. The issue of phase space convergence of this algorithm is discussed. We analyze the induced numerical diffusion of such an algorithm and compare theory with results. We also created a simple problem that demonstrates this algorithm solves the “growing weight” problem.  2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. PACS: 07.05.T; 52.65; 52.35; 52.55